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In 1905 African Americans in Richmond celebrated the fortieth anniversary of the end of slavery.

A few days before holding an Emancipation Proclamation celebration in October 1890, Richmond residents debated what should be the proper date for commemorating the abolition of slavery.

Seeking to establish a self-defined "National Thanksgiving Day for Freedom," African Americans sponsored a three-day Colored People's Celebration, held in Richmond, in October 1890.

The Thirteenth Amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States.

Red wool flag