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Copy of Ed. H. Smith to Presiding Justices, Culpeper County Court, February 2, 1866, enclosed in T. Frank P. Crandon to Presiding Justices, Louisa County, March 3, 1866
Before the Civil War, white Virginians feared slave rebellions and thus exerted repressive control over enslaved people. After the war they feared retribution by the freedpeople and in some parts of the state they attempted to disarm African…
Position to a Lawful Celebration
In 1865 David B. White, a former colonel of the New York 81st Infantry Volunteers, established the True Southerner in Hampton (later moved to Norfolk). Operating with the motto "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created…
Petition of the Norfolk County Court to Col. Thomas F. Jackson, Norfolk
In November 1865, the Norfolk County Court petitioned the officer of the Freedmen's Bureau in Norfolk to take away the firearms belonging to African Americans. Local white residents had complained complained about African Americans "in the habit of…
Fires at Petersburg, Virginia-Ruins of the Colored Baptist Church of Harrison Street
Early in the morning of May 1, 1866, fires damaged several African American churches in Petersburg, including the Sunday school building adjacent to one of them. Many white Virginians feared that the schools would become hotbeds of radical…
"An Act to Incorporate the Normal and Collegiate Institute, and Provide for Support of the Same"
In 1882, the Virginia General Assembly, which then included thirteen African American members, created the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute, the nation's first fully state-supported four-year institution of higher learning for African…
Plan of Buildings, Grounds, and Farm, Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute
This plat of the grounds of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, prepared for a lawsuit settled in 1906, shows the placement of buildings as well as the use of space for raising crops, both to feed the faculty and students and to teach…
Admissions and Course of Study, Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute
Founded in 1868, Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute educated and trained hundreds of African Americans to be teachers. Although African Americans had been denied the opportunity for education during slavery, Hampton required its students (ages…
Main Building and President's House, Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute
The main building for Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institution (as Virginia State University was then named) opened in 1888, five years after the school was established. It contained offices, classrooms, dormitories, a library, museum, and chapel,…
The Hampton Institute: The New Building, Virginia Hall
Designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt, Virginia Hall was Hampton's main building and included dormitory space, classrooms, a dining hall, and a chapel.
The Old Jail
The American Baptist Home Mission Society opened the Richmond Theological School for Freedmen in 1865. Its first classes met in the former slave jail of Richmond trader Robert Lumpkin, where iron bars remained in the windows. It was the first…